Roman catholic church
The Roman church dominated the western part of the world. The roman catholic church controlled religion, philosophy, morals, politics, art and education. This was the dark ages for true christianity. The vital doctrines of biblical christianity had almost disappeared, and with the neglect of true doctrine came the passing of life and light that constitutes the worship of the One True God as declared in Christ.
The cartoon is basically saying that they say they're acting christian but doing in a unjust or un christian like way. Its also stating that they need to regain the holy land.
With it's own laws, lands and taxes The Catholic church was a very powerful institution which had its own laws and lands. The Catholic Church also imposed taxes. In addition to collecting taxes, the Church also accepted gifts of all kinds from individuals who wanted special favors or wanted to be certain of a place in heaven.